Gianni Petrangeli, in Nuclear Safety, 2006 Tanks A fabric expansion chamber housed in a compartment on top of the tank roof also permits variation in volume. There are lifter-roof types in which the roof either has a skirt moving up and down in an annular liquid seal or is connected to the tank shell by a flexible membrane. They may have floating roofs of the double-deck or the single-deck type. Sometimes vents are manifolded and led to a vent tank, or the vapor may be extracted by a recovery system.Īn effective way of preventing vent loss is to use one of the many types of variable-volume tanks. Excessive losses of volatile liquids, particularly those with flash points below 100 ☏ (38 ☌), may result from the use of open vents on fixed roof tanks. The principals of this standard can be applied to fluids other than petroleum products. API Standard 2000, venting atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks, gives practical rules for vent design. Boyce, in Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook (Fourth Edition), 2012 Fixed Roof TanksĪtmospheric tanks require vents to prevent pressure changes, which would otherwise result from temperature changes and the withdrawal or the addition of liquid.
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